基于PLC的蟹笼渔船诱饵填盒与塞笼自动化流水线方案设计

蟹笼渔船诱捕饵料在使用过程需要经过破冰分离、切块、填盒、塞笼等工序,效率低、劳动强度大。为提升蟹笼渔船的生产效率,需要实现饵料使用自动化。提出了一种实现饵料使用自动化的流水线生产方案,并通过Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0进行流水线的结构设计建模与原理分析,采用GX works3基于三菱FX5U系列PLC完成了流水线PLC控制梯形图程序设计,并在软件上进行在线模拟测试。结果显示:该流水线的结构设计理论上能满足蟹笼渔船饵料使用的自动化需求,控制系统的设计符合流水线的动作顺序控制,端口运行正常,未发生错误提示。该流水线生产方案的提出为蟹笼渔船诱捕饵料实现自动化提供了条件,同时也打破了蟹笼饵料的传统塞入方式,即由内部塞入改为外部挤入。控制系统的设计为蟹笼渔船诱捕饵料自动切块填盒与塞笼流水线的实际生产使用打下了理论基础。     

基于多元变量的南极磷虾拖网作业状态影响因素分析

拖网作业过程中的网位、网身状态、拖网整体状态是评价拖网性能优劣的重要指标。以南极磷虾拖网为例，通过测量拖网不同部位（上纲、第3~4节网身连接处和网囊口上部中点）深度，以部位间深度差表示拖网作业状态，分析捕捞操作、海洋环境和渔获量对拖网作业状态的影响，确定中层拖网作业过程中状态的变化趋势。结果表明：（1）上纲与第3~4节网身连接处深度差范围为-0.20~8.02 m，上纲与网囊口上部中点深度差范围为6.49~30.16 m；（2）曳纲长度、拖速、风速、150 m水层流速对磷虾拖网上纲深度影响显著（P< 0.05）；上纲深度与曳纲长度和150 m水层流速呈正相关关系，与拖速呈负相关关系，随风速增加，上纲深度先减小后增大；（3）拖速、200 m水层流速和浪高对上纲与第3~4节网身连接处深度差影响极显著（P< 0.05）；上纲与第3~4节网身连接处深度差具有随拖速和200 m水层流速的增加，先增大后减小的趋势；其中拖速2.6 kn和200 m水层流速0.3 kn时，上纲与网囊口上部中点深度差最大，2 m浪高时，深度差最小；（4）渔获量与上纲和网囊口上部中点深度差呈正相关关系；（5）曳纲长度是影响拖网作业状态的最重要因素，其次是拖网速度、风速、浪高和水流速度。     

不同育秧方式对连作晚稻超秧龄机插质量的影响

以甬优538、甬优9号为供试材料,研究了轻多效唑水育秧(T1)、重多效唑水育秧(T2)和轻多效唑旱育秧(T3)三种育秧方式对水稻超秧龄机插的影响。结果表明,与T1处理相比,T2、T3处理的苗高、生物量受到抑制,成秧率变高,漏秧率降低,基本苗数增加;机插后2个品种的抽穗期均推迟,甬优538 T2、T3处理的产量高于T1处理,甬优9号T2、T3处理的产量低于T1处理。     

Characterization of the trade in manta and devil ray gill plates in China and South‐east Asia through trader surveys

1. Dried gill plates from manta and devil rays, some of the world's most biologically vulnerable fishes, have become a valued commodity in Asian dried‐seafood and traditional Chinese medicine markets. This trade is a primary driver of fisheries, which have led to declines in many mobulid populations.
2. With no reliable trade statistics and scarce data on mobulid fisheries, this study estimates the number and species of mobulids required to supply this trade, and investigates the consumers and suppliers involved and drivers of demand. Following preliminary market research, 525 trader surveys were conducted in Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, Taiwan, and southern China.
3. Guangzhou, China was identified as the centre of the trade accounting for 99% of total estimated market volume of 60.5 tons of dried gill plates in 2011, increasing to 120.5 tons by 2013. The estimated number of mobulids converted from tons of gill plates more than doubled over the period to 130 000, comprising 96% devil rays, Mobula japanica, Mobula thurstoni, and Mobula tarapacana, and 4% Manta spp. By 2015 the Guangzhou market had declined sharply, reportedly due to conservation campaigns and government policies. However Hong Kong's gill plate sales increased dramatically between 2011 and 2015.
4. China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and India were reported most frequently as gill plate sources.
5. Vendors recommend gill plates (trade name pengyusai) for ailments ranging from acne to cancer and as a general health tonic. While pengyusai is a new addition to traditional Chinese medicine literature and is rarely prescribed by traditional medicine practitioners, it is readily available over the counter and aggressively marketed by vendors.
6. Working in concert with consumer demand reduction efforts, increased measures to restrict mobulid fisheries and trade are recommended to prevent further population declines of these highly vulnerable species.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantifying subjective human dimensions of recreational fishing: does good health come to those who bait?

Recreational fishing is a popular sport and leisure activity in many countries worldwide. There has been growing interest by recreational fishing groups and researchers in the perceived physical and psychological health and social (or ‘biopsychosocial’) benefits of recreational fishing. However, quantifying the key subjective ‘human dimensions’ of fishing that satisfy both the needs of recreational fishing groups and fishery managers is a major obstacle. We propose the use of psychometrically valid health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures widely used in the medical and health sciences – namely the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) – as rapid, reliable and cost‐effective instruments for quantifying HRQOL of recreational fishers. The widespread use of SF‐36 and availability of population normative data allows comparisons of the HRQOL of recreational fishers across multiple temporal and spatial scales, with participants of other activities, and the general population. The use of such measures in periodic surveys allows the biopsychosocial status of a recreational fishery's participants to be assessed using a modified Kobe plot, a graphical format that is easily interpretable and consistent with existing reporting formats used in fisheries stock assessment. Future biopsychosocial research in recreational fisheries can further benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration to develop a suite of standardized psychometrically valid and reliable instruments for assessing specific issues that commonly affect recreational fisheries from regional to international scales, such as drivers of fisher motivation, behaviour and satisfaction.     

黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）雪季地表食物利用

2012年1月至3月，本研究采用粪便分析法对黔金丝猴冬季的食物利用进行了调查研究。结果表明在此期间黔金丝猴采食植物部位有嫩枝、树芽、叶片、花、树皮以及果实和种子，食物种类较多。其中，地表灌木层木姜子属（Litse asp．）的嫩枝是黔金丝猴取食较多的采食对象。本次研究也首次发现黔金丝猴食用地面上的四照花果实。我们推测黔金丝猴利用落地果实的现象可能是该物种对温带森林中高质量食物果实和种子利用最大化的一种适应。建议在温带灵长类生态行为研究中，加强对落地果实、矮小灌木和草本植物等猴群食源植物的监测，以期精确地探讨物种的食性以及对环境的适应。     

城市绿化中大树反季节移植技术

阐述了大树反季节移植在城市绿化中的重要作用,以及影响大树移植成活的原因。提出了提高大树反季节移植成活率的技术措施。     

江南暖地草坪冬季交播技术的探讨

对江南城市暖地型草坪草冬季交播技术如草种选择、播种量、播种时间、播种前坪床准备、交播后草坪管理及需注意解决的问题等进行了探讨，并对将来发展趋势进行了展望。     

冬季施工过程混凝土控制裂缝的预防措施

在我国寒冷地区,冬季建筑工程施工常常出现质量问题,即易出现混凝土裂缝和钢筋锈蚀等现象.该文有针对性地论述了三种预防措施.     

Vegetative propagation of Colutea istria Mill. from leafy stem cuttings

This study investigates the optimal conditions for the vegetative propagation of the multipurpose leguminous shrub Colutea istria from leafy stem cuttings. The conditions examined included 1) the origin of the cutting (apical, medial or basal), 2) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment (0, 50, 200 or 400 mg/l), 3) the relative humidity of the propagation environment (high or low), 4) wounding base of cutting, and 5) the season in which the cutting was taken. The rooting ability of the cuttings was significantly influenced by all these factors. Winter cuttings obtained from the middle and base of the branch showed a greater rooting capacity than those harvested from the apical area, while autumn cuttings harvested from the middle and apical areas of the branch showed a greater rooting capacity than those harvested from the base. Winter cuttings showed the best rooting capacity than autumn cuttings. IBA treatment (200 mg/l), high humidity (98-100%), and wounding increased the rooting capacity of the cuttings. The sprout of new leaves was higher in basal cuttings, while IBA and wounding also significantly enhanced the root number of rooted cuttings. A method for vegetatively propagating C. istria plants is given.